In this Oct. 10, 2010 photo, North Korean leader Kim Jong Il applauds following a massive military parade marking the 65th anniversary of the communist nation's ruling Workers' Party in Pyongyang, North Korea.Vincent Yu/The Associated Press
Late North Korean leader Kim Jong Il repeatedly pushed for summit talks with South Korea before his 2011 death but the plans failed because Pyongyang demanded $10-billion and large-scale shipments of food and fertilizer, a former South Korean president said in a memoir to be published next week.
Parts of the memoir by ex-President Lee Myung-bak, provided to reporters in advance, reveal that senior intelligence officials from the two Koreas made secret visits to the rival countries to explore summit possibilities in 2010, when two deadly attacks blamed on Pyongyang killed 50 South Koreans. Lee said that a Pyongyang envoy who visited Seoul that year was later publicly executed after returning to the North.
The memoir comes as both countries float the idea of a possible summit between Kim's son and current leader, Kim Jong Un, and Lee's successor, President Park Geun-hye. It would be the third such meeting since the two Koreas were divided 70 years ago, although chances seem low as the countries bicker over the terms for a meeting.
The first summit in 2000 prompted an era of co-operation between the rivals, but it also became a source of criticism in South Korea. Conservatives said that Seoul's then "sunshine policy" of providing generous economic aid to Pyongyang with few strings attached propped up the North's nuclear and missile development.
Lee, a conservative who ended a decade of liberal rule in South Korea in 2008, halted such aid and refused to implement rapprochement projects signed in the second cross-border leader summit, in 2007. His actions earned him public loathing in North Korea, where state media called him a "rat" and a "traitor."
Lee wrote in his memoir that the "sunshine policy" was tarnished because North Korea diverted aid to its nuclear and missile development and continued to stage provocations against South Korea.
Lee, who severed as president from 2008-2013, saw tension spike sharply after his inauguration. A soldier shot and killed a South Korean tourist in North Korea in 2008, and North Korea staged long-range rocket and nuclear tests in 2009. But Lee said that in 2009 North Korea began proposing a summit meeting between him and Kim Jong Il. The proposal came when senior North Korean officials visited Seoul to pay respects to late President Kim Dae-jung, who held the first-ever summit with Kim Jong Il in Pyongyang and won a Nobel Peace prize for his efforts to reconcile with the North.
Those efforts were tarnished when a close associate of Kim Dae-jung's was convicted in 2006 of pressuring the Hyundai conglomerate into sending $450 million to North Korea shortly before the 2000 summit.
Lee said one of the North Korean officials who visited Seoul, Kim Ki Nam, told him that Kim Jong Il had said it wouldn't be difficult for the leaders of the two Koreas to meet again if agreements signed during the 2000 and 2007 summits were carried out. Five days after the meeting, Lee said North Korea called for a "considerable amount" of rice, fertilizer and other aid shipments in return for the summit.
On the sidelines of a regional conference in Beijing in October 2009, Lee said Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao told him that Kim Jong Il had sent a message that he wanted a summit. Lee said he was willing, but he didn't want to pay for the meeting and he wanted the North's nuclear program on the agenda.
Later in 2009, officials of the Koreas met secretly in Singapore, and North Korea insisted on economic aid for a summit. Lee said the North later said it wanted 400,000 tons of rice; 300,000 tons of fertilizer; 100,000 tons of corn; asphalt pitch worth $100 million; and $10 billion for the establishment of a development bank in North Korea.
Prospects for summit talks were further hurt after a South Korea-led international investigation blamed North Korea for torpedoing a South Korean warship and killing 46 sailors in March 2010. The North launched an artillery strike on a South Korean island that killed four people in November of that year. The North has denied involvement in the ship sinking.
North Korea's state media didn't immediately comment on the contents of Lee's memoir.